Researchers, for the first time, genetically sequenced carotid plaque tissue collected from patients within days after a stroke.
Heart attacks and strokes are a leading cause of death in the United States, but scientists are still working to understand one of their primary triggers. What causes plaque buildup within arteries to become unstable, leading parts to suddenly burst or break away?
A key obstacle is that researchers haven’t until now been able to study plaques during a stroke.
When compared to stable plaque, the researchers discovered the tissues from recent stroke victims contained messenger RNA that can cause inflammation and processes that degrade a key portion of the plaque that protects against rupture, according to results in .
The discovery could help researchers develop new tools to stop strokes from happening.
“The genes identified in our study could be used as targets to develop new drugs or diagnostics to help prevent strokes and heart attacks,” says senior author Cooper Woods, associate professor of physiology and medicine at Tulane University School of Medicine.
Surprisingly, the researchers found that ruptured plaques had increased markers of B-cells, a white blood cell whose role in plaque rupture has not previously been appreciated.
Previous studies have relied on carotid artery samples obtained after the patient’s death or months after the stroke or heart attack. This either limits the information that can be obtained or misses events that occur only at the time of rupture.
Carotid artery blockage is a common cause of some ischemic strokes, which happens when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted, preventing brain tissue from getting necessary oxygen and nutrients. Because the mechanisms that lead to some strokes and most heart attacks involve the same plaque rupture events, these findings also have implications for heart disease.
“Inflammation is a known risk factor in atherosclerosis, leading to stroke and heart attacks,” says coauthor Hernan Bazan, professor for cardiovascular innovation at Ochsner Health.
“Carotid and coronary plaques develop a protective cap that, for unclear reasons, thins, making strokes and heart attacks more likely.”
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